The formation of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 marked the birth of organized politics. Initially, the (like Dadabhai Naoroji) believed in petitions and constitutional reform.
Marked by the iconic Dandi March.
Before the famous Mutiny, there were numerous "civil rebellions" led by displaced peasants, tribals, and zamindars. These localized sparks set the stage for the massive explosion of 1857. 2. The First War of Independence (1857)
Prof. G. Venkatesan is celebrated for his ability to synthesize complex political shifts into readable narratives. His books, particularly those focusing on the , are prized for several reasons:
The Partition of Bengal in 1905 radicalized the youth. Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai (the "Lal-Bal-Pal" trio) shifted the focus to Swaraj (self-rule) and the boycott of British goods. 5. The Gandhian Era (1917–1947)
The story of India's independence is a tapestry of sacrifice, diplomacy, and unwavering willpower. Using a structured guide like G. Venkatesan’s ensures that you don't just memorize dates, but understand the why behind the movement.
4. The Era of Extremism and the Swadeshi Movement (1905–1917)